Excel Formulas Cheat Sheet 2025: 100 Most Useful Formulas Explained
Callum specializes in breaking down complex technology topics into easy-to-understand guides. He has a background in computer science and technical writing.
Master Excel formulas with this comprehensive cheat sheet covering 100 essential formulas for 2025. From basic calculations to advanced lookup and data analysis functions, this guide includes syntax, examples, and pro tips for each formula. Bookmark this page for quick reference!
📊 100 Formulas Organized by Category
Math • Text • Lookup • Date/Time • Logic • Statistical • Financial
📋 Quick Navigation
Math Formulas (1-20)
| # | Formula | Syntax | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SUM | =SUM(A1:A10) | Adds all numbers in a range |
| 2 | AVERAGE | =AVERAGE(A1:A10) | Calculates the average |
| 3 | COUNT | =COUNT(A1:A10) | Counts cells with numbers |
| 4 | COUNTA | =COUNTA(A1:A10) | Counts non-empty cells |
| 5 | MAX | =MAX(A1:A10) | Returns the maximum value |
| 6 | MIN | =MIN(A1:A10) | Returns the minimum value |
| 7 | ROUND | =ROUND(A1, 2) | Rounds to specified decimals |
| 8 | SUMIF | =SUMIF(A:A,">100",B:B) | Sum based on condition |
| 9 | SUMIFS | =SUMIFS(C:C,A:A,"X",B:B,">5") | Sum with multiple conditions |
| 10 | PRODUCT | =PRODUCT(A1:A5) | Multiplies all numbers |
Lookup Formulas (21-40)
These are the most powerful formulas for data analysis:
| # | Formula | Syntax | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | VLOOKUP | =VLOOKUP(A1,B:D,2,FALSE) | Vertical lookup |
| 22 | HLOOKUP | =HLOOKUP(A1,1:5,3,FALSE) | Horizontal lookup |
| 23 | XLOOKUP | =XLOOKUP(A1,B:B,C:C) | Modern lookup (recommended) |
| 24 | INDEX | =INDEX(A:C,5,2) | Returns value at position |
| 25 | MATCH | =MATCH(A1,B:B,0) | Returns position of value |
| 26 | INDEX/MATCH | =INDEX(C:C,MATCH(A1,B:B,0)) | Powerful lookup combo |
| 27 | INDIRECT | =INDIRECT("A"&B1) | Dynamic cell reference |
| 28 | OFFSET | =OFFSET(A1,2,3,1,1) | Returns offset range |
Pro Tip: XLOOKUP vs VLOOKUP
XLOOKUP is the modern replacement for VLOOKUP. It can look left, handles errors better, and doesn't require column numbers. Use XLOOKUP when available (Excel 2021 or Microsoft 365).
Text Formulas (41-60)
| # | Formula | Syntax | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | CONCATENATE | =CONCATENATE(A1," ",B1) | Joins text strings |
| 42 | CONCAT | =CONCAT(A1:C1) | Modern concatenate |
| 43 | TEXTJOIN | =TEXTJOIN(", ",TRUE,A1:A5) | Join with delimiter |
| 44 | LEFT | =LEFT(A1,5) | Extract left characters |
| 45 | RIGHT | =RIGHT(A1,3) | Extract right characters |
| 46 | MID | =MID(A1,2,4) | Extract middle characters |
| 47 | LEN | =LEN(A1) | Count characters |
| 48 | TRIM | =TRIM(A1) | Remove extra spaces |
| 49 | UPPER/LOWER | =UPPER(A1) | Change case |
| 50 | PROPER | =PROPER(A1) | Title case |
Logic Formulas (61-75)
| # | Formula | Syntax | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61 | IF | =IF(A1>10,"Yes","No") | Conditional logic |
| 62 | IFS | =IFS(A1>90,"A",A1>80,"B") | Multiple conditions |
| 63 | AND | =AND(A1>5,B1<10) | All conditions true |
| 64 | OR | =OR(A1>5,B1<10) | Any condition true |
| 65 | NOT | =NOT(A1>5) | Reverses logic |
| 66 | IFERROR | =IFERROR(A1/B1,0) | Handle errors |
| 67 | IFNA | =IFNA(VLOOKUP(...),"N/A") | Handle #N/A errors |
| 68 | SWITCH | =SWITCH(A1,1,"Jan",2,"Feb") | Multiple value match |
Date & Time Formulas (76-90)
| # | Formula | Syntax | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 76 | TODAY | =TODAY() | Current date |
| 77 | NOW | =NOW() | Current date and time |
| 78 | DATE | =DATE(2025,1,15) | Create date |
| 79 | YEAR/MONTH/DAY | =YEAR(A1) | Extract date parts |
| 80 | DATEDIF | =DATEDIF(A1,B1,"D") | Days between dates |
| 81 | NETWORKDAYS | =NETWORKDAYS(A1,B1) | Working days between |
| 82 | WEEKDAY | =WEEKDAY(A1) | Day of week (1-7) |
| 83 | EOMONTH | =EOMONTH(A1,0) | End of month |
Statistical Formulas (91-100)
| # | Formula | Syntax | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 91 | MEDIAN | =MEDIAN(A1:A100) | Middle value |
| 92 | MODE | =MODE(A1:A100) | Most frequent value |
| 93 | STDEV | =STDEV(A1:A100) | Standard deviation |
| 94 | VAR | =VAR(A1:A100) | Variance |
| 95 | PERCENTILE | =PERCENTILE(A1:A100,0.9) | K-th percentile |
| 96 | RANK | =RANK(A1,A:A) | Rank in list |
| 97 | LARGE | =LARGE(A1:A100,2) | K-th largest |
| 98 | SMALL | =SMALL(A1:A100,3) | K-th smallest |
| 99 | CORREL | =CORREL(A1:A100,B1:B100) | Correlation coefficient |
| 100 | FORECAST | =FORECAST(x,known_y,known_x) | Linear prediction |
Bookmark This Page!
Press Ctrl+D (Windows) or Cmd+D (Mac) to bookmark this Excel formulas cheat sheet for quick reference whenever you need it.
