Windows 10 Security Tips: How to Protect Your PC
Essential security settings and best practices to keep your Windows 10 computer safe from threats
Last updated: December 2024
Quick Security Checklist
- Keep Windows Update enabled and install updates promptly
- Use Windows Defender or a reputable antivirus – don't run two at once
- Enable Windows Firewall and don't disable it for convenience
- Use strong, unique passwords and enable two-factor authentication where possible
Windows 10 Security: Why It Matters
Windows 10 includes robust built-in security features, but they're only effective when properly configured and maintained. With cyber threats constantly evolving, following security best practices is essential to protect your data, privacy, and identity.
Important: Windows 10 Support Ending
Microsoft will end security updates for Windows 10 on October 14, 2025. After this date, new vulnerabilities won't be patched, significantly increasing your risk. Plan to upgrade to Windows 11 or consider Extended Security Updates (paid) to maintain protection.
Keep Windows Updated
Windows Update is your first line of defense. Security patches fix vulnerabilities that hackers actively exploit.
How to Configure Windows Update:
- 1Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update
- 2Click "Check for updates" to install any pending updates
- 3Click "Advanced options" to configure update settings
- 4Enable "Receive updates for other Microsoft products"
- 5Set active hours to prevent restarts during work
Update Best Practices:
- Don't postpone updates indefinitely – install within a week of release
- Restart promptly when updates require it
- Enable automatic updates if you tend to forget manual updates
- Check for updates manually at least once a week
Configure Windows Defender Antivirus
Windows Defender (now Microsoft Defender) provides excellent protection against viruses, malware, and ransomware. It's built into Windows 10 and updates automatically.
Essential Defender Settings:
Real-time protection
Should always be ON – scans files as you access them
Virus & threat protection > Settings
Cloud-delivered protection
Enable for faster threat detection using Microsoft's cloud
Virus & threat protection > Settings
Automatic sample submission
Helps Microsoft improve detection (anonymized)
Virus & threat protection > Settings
Tamper Protection
Prevents malware from disabling Defender
Virus & threat protection > Settings
Controlled folder access
Protects important folders from ransomware
Virus & threat protection > Ransomware protection
Running Scans:
Quick scan
Checks common malware locations (5-10 minutes)
Run daily or when you suspect an issue
Full scan
Scans entire system thoroughly (1-3 hours)
Run weekly or after downloading suspicious files
Custom scan
Scan specific folders or drives
After connecting external drives or downloading files
Offline scan
Scans before Windows loads to catch rootkits
If malware persists after normal scans
Configure Windows Firewall
Windows Firewall monitors network traffic and blocks unauthorized connections. It's essential protection against network-based attacks.
Firewall Configuration:
- 1Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Security > Firewall & network protection
- 2Ensure firewall is ON for all network types (Domain, Private, Public)
- 3Public networks should have the strictest settings
- 4Review "Allow an app through firewall" and remove apps you don't recognize
- 5Don't disable firewall to "fix" app connectivity issues – find the proper solution
Firewall Best Practices:
- Keep firewall enabled even with third-party security software
- Block all incoming connections when on public Wi-Fi
- Regularly review allowed apps and remove unused ones
- Use "Block all incoming connections" when traveling
Privacy Settings to Review
Windows 10 collects various data by default. Review these settings to balance functionality with privacy.
Key Privacy Settings:
General
Settings > Privacy > General
Disable advertising ID, turn off app launch tracking
Location
Settings > Privacy > Location
Disable for apps that don't need it, clear location history
Camera & Microphone
Settings > Privacy > Camera/Microphone
Review which apps have access, disable for untrusted apps
Diagnostics
Settings > Privacy > Diagnostics & feedback
Set to "Required" instead of "Optional" to minimize data collection
Activity history
Settings > Privacy > Activity history
Disable "Send activity history" if you don't use Timeline
App permissions
Settings > Privacy > App permissions
Review each permission type and revoke unnecessary access
Use Strong Passwords & Authentication
Weak passwords are one of the easiest ways for attackers to compromise your system and accounts.
Password Best Practices:
- Use at least 12 characters with mixed case, numbers, and symbols
- Never reuse passwords across different accounts
- Use a password manager (like Bitwarden, 1Password, or built-in browser managers)
- Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on all important accounts
- Change passwords immediately if a service reports a breach
Windows Login Security:
Windows Hello PIN
More secure than password – tied to your device, not transmitted over network
Windows Hello Fingerprint
Biometric login if your device has a fingerprint reader
Windows Hello Face
Facial recognition with compatible cameras
Security Key
Physical USB key for highest security (FIDO2)
Safe Browsing Practices
Most malware infections start from unsafe browsing habits. Follow these guidelines to stay safe online.
Browser Security Tips:
- Keep your browser updated to the latest version
- Use HTTPS whenever possible (look for the lock icon)
- Don't click links in suspicious emails – type URLs directly
- Be cautious with browser extensions – only install from official stores
- Enable built-in phishing and malware protection in your browser
- Consider using a privacy-focused browser or ad blocker
Safe Download Practices:
- Only download software from official websites or stores
- Verify file hashes when provided by the developer
- Scan downloaded files with Defender before opening
- Be suspicious of "free" versions of paid software
- Avoid downloading from pop-up ads or redirected links
Email Security
Email remains the primary vector for phishing attacks and malware distribution.
Email Security Tips:
- Don't open attachments from unknown senders
- Hover over links to preview URLs before clicking
- Be suspicious of urgent requests for personal information
- Verify unexpected requests through a different communication channel
- Use spam filtering and don't unsubscribe from obvious spam (it confirms your address)
- Enable two-factor authentication on your email account
Recognizing Phishing:
- Generic greetings ("Dear Customer" instead of your name)
- Urgent language demanding immediate action
- Spelling and grammar errors
- Mismatched or suspicious sender addresses
- Requests for passwords or personal information
- Links that don't match the claimed destination
Network Security
Your network connection can be a vulnerability if not properly secured.
Home Network Security:
- Change your router's default admin password
- Use WPA3 or WPA2 encryption (never WEP)
- Create a strong Wi-Fi password (20+ characters)
- Keep router firmware updated
- Consider a separate guest network for visitors
- Disable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) – it's vulnerable
Public Wi-Fi Safety:
- Avoid accessing sensitive accounts on public Wi-Fi
- Use a VPN when connecting to public networks
- Disable auto-connect to open networks
- Turn off file sharing and network discovery
- Verify network names with staff (avoid "Free Airport WiFi" traps)
Software Security
Outdated and untrusted software are major security risks.
Software Best Practices:
- Keep all software updated, not just Windows
- Uninstall software you no longer use
- Download only from official sources (Microsoft Store, vendor websites)
- Be cautious with free software – read reviews first
- Don't disable User Account Control (UAC)
- Review app permissions before installing
BitLocker Drive Encryption (Pro Only)
BitLocker encrypts your entire drive, protecting data if your device is lost or stolen. Available in Windows 10 Pro.
Enabling BitLocker:
- 1Go to Control Panel > System and Security > BitLocker Drive Encryption
- 2Click "Turn on BitLocker" for your system drive
- 3Choose how to unlock: password, smart card, or TPM
- 4Back up your recovery key (Microsoft account, USB, or print)
- 5Choose encryption mode (new encryption for new drives)
- 6Run BitLocker system check and restart to begin encryption
Security Through Backup
Backups are your last line of defense against ransomware and data loss.
- Follow the 3-2-1 rule: 3 copies, 2 media types, 1 offsite
- Keep at least one backup disconnected (air-gapped) from your PC
- Test your backups periodically to ensure they work
- Use File History for automatic file versioning
- Create system images before major changes
Windows 10 Security Checklist
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Windows Defender good enough, or do I need third-party antivirus?
Windows Defender has significantly improved and now offers excellent protection comparable to paid solutions. For most users, Defender is sufficient when combined with safe browsing habits. Third-party solutions may offer additional features like VPN, password managers, or parental controls, but aren't necessary for basic security.
Should I use multiple antivirus programs for better protection?
No, running multiple antivirus programs simultaneously can cause conflicts, slow down your system, and actually reduce protection. Use one comprehensive solution. Windows Defender will automatically disable itself when another antivirus is installed.
How often should I scan my computer for viruses?
With real-time protection enabled, Windows Defender continuously monitors your system. Quick scans run automatically. Run a full scan weekly, or immediately after downloading files from untrusted sources or connecting unfamiliar USB drives.
Is it safe to use Windows 10 after support ends in 2025?
Using Windows 10 after October 2025 becomes increasingly risky as new vulnerabilities won't be patched. If you must continue using Windows 10, consider Microsoft's Extended Security Updates (paid), be extra vigilant with security practices, and plan to upgrade to Windows 11 as soon as possible.
What should I do if I think my PC is infected?
Disconnect from the internet to prevent data theft, run a full Windows Defender scan, then an offline scan if issues persist. Don't enter passwords until you've confirmed the system is clean. If malware persists, consider a clean Windows reinstall from backup or installation media.
Are browser extensions safe to use?
Browser extensions can be security risks if they're malicious or poorly coded. Only install extensions from official browser stores, check reviews and permissions, remove extensions you don't use, and be especially cautious with extensions requesting access to all websites or your data.
Upgrade to Windows 11 for Enhanced Security
Windows 11 includes advanced security features like hardware-enforced security, enhanced phishing protection, and Smart App Control. With Windows 10 support ending in 2025, now is the time to upgrade.
Related Windows 10 Guides
Official sources: Microsoft Windows Security